美国条约行为的模式

美国条约行为有两大基本特征:一是签署条约而不予批准;二是对行政协定的偏爱。美国宪法关于缔约权的模糊规定使总统与参议院的缔约权之争贯穿整个条约过程,从而造成了条约进程的整体拖沓和众多条约的延迟批准。美国对行政协定的偏爱,其表层原因是追求缔约效率的提高,深层原因是缔约权天平不断向行政部门倾斜。作为固有的外交实践,这两种模式化的行为使美国得以更少承担国际义务,并得以根据国内需要变更国际义务。

The Mode of U.S.Treaty Practice

The US treaty practice has two distinct features:a treaty is signed more quickly than ratified;the U,S.international agreements are more often conducted in the form of executive agreements than treaties.It is the contention of this paper that the U.S.constitution draws an ambiguous line between the President and the Senate in the scope of treaty-making power and therefore invites conflicts between the two branches.Such constitutional arrangement causes the overall delay of ratification of treaties.To improv...