刑事起诉标准的性质之反思

在传统证据法学理论中,刑事起诉标准不仅是刑事证明标准的一种,而且是刑事起诉标准的一个层次。这种观点混淆了起诉标准和证明标准的本质区别,妨碍了起诉标准的科学构建。实际上,起诉标准是约束检察官提起公诉的自由裁量权的一种证据标准,它是检察官决定提起公诉时的一种尺度。而证明标准是约束法官定罪量刑的自由裁量权的一种证据标准,它是法官做出有罪判决时必须达到的一种程度。起诉标准的适用可以完全由检察官自行掌握,而证明标准的适用并不能由法官完全进行自由裁量。

Rethinking the Nature of the Standard of Prosecution

In the theories of evidence law,the standard of prosecution is a kind and level of the standards of proof in the criminal procedure.The viewpoint not only confuses the differences between the standard of prosecution and the standard of proof,but also cumbers the scientific construction of the standard of prosecution.Actually,the standard of prosecution is only an evidential standard that restricts the discretion of prosecutors,and it is a measure that the prosecutors decide to prosecute.However,the standard of proof is an evidential standard that restricts the discretion of judges,and it is a degree of the guilty verdict.The prosecutors can freely execute the standard of prosecution,and the judges have no free discretion of the standard of proof.