关于经济学方法论中实证规范二分法的批判——基于马克思主义理论视角

西方经济学方法论中广泛流行着实证分析和规范分析二分的做法,这种二分实际上是一种二元论。当前二分法已经发展到“实证分析和规范分析相结合”的阶段。但这种结合是机械的、形式上的,是以割裂为前提的。二分法的哲学实质是本体论和认识论的二元论。它一方面是经验主义的唯物主义,一方面是历史唯心主义。同时,二分法在实践应用中导致了两个困境和三个危险推论。不破除哲学二元论就不可能破除方法论的二分,也不可能从根本上破除实证和规范的对立,在经济研究中把二者真正结合起来。马克思主义作为辩证的、彻底的唯物主义,恰恰为弥合二元论造成的方法论的裂痕提供了解决方案。因此,经济学研究要以马克思辩证唯物主义的方法论为基础,摒弃实证规范二分法,建立科学的经济学。

A Marxist Perspective to Criticize the Dichotomy between Empirical Analysis and Normative Analysis in Economics Methodology

It has been popular in western economics methodology to bisect empirical analysis and normative analysis,which in fact is dichotomy.The present stage of dichotomy has evolved to“a combination of empirical analysis and normative analysis”.However,this kind of combination is mechanical,formal and fragmented.The philosophical logic of dichotomy is the dualism of ontology and methodology.On one hand,it roots in empirical materialism and on the other hand,it claims historical idealism.Furthermore,dichotomy in practice results in two dilemmas and three dangerous inferences.It is impossible to break the dichotomy of methodology unless the philosophical dualism is broken down,let alone the contradiction between empirical analysis and normative analysis or even an integration of the two in economic research.Marxism,a dialectical and thorough materialism,fills the gap of methodology caused by dualism perfectly.Therefore,the economics research calls for a methodological basis of Marxist dialectical materialism and abandon the dichotomy between empirical analysis and normative analysis for the goal of a scientific economics.