俄罗斯对外援助体系研究

2005年以来,随着经济形势的好转和国际地位的提高,俄罗斯开始加大对外援助投入,并逐步建立起自己的对外援助体系。在对外援助政策方面,从学习借鉴西方国家的经验,将对外援助看作履行国际义务、获取国家威望的手段,到主动探索建立符合本国实际的对外援助政策体系,强调对独联体地区国家援助、“软实力”和国家利益。在对外援助管理方面,总统在对外援助政策中居于中心位置,政府负责决策执行,议会负责相关立法工作,各联邦机构分别负责各自职责范围内的对外援助行动,并成立了跨部门协调机构统筹对外援助行动。在对外援助运作方面,俄罗斯将对外援助行动列入国家计划,主要通过多边和双边渠道对外提供援助。在对外援助的评估方面,俄罗斯提出了援助预算资金使用效果评估方法,定期发布对外援助数据和报告,正在逐步完善对外援助评估体系。近年来,俄罗斯对外援助体系出现较大调整,对外援助管理权有从财政部门向外交部门、从政府向总统转移的趋势。

Study of Russia's Foreign Aid System

Since 2005,with the improvement of its economic situation and international status,Russia has started to increase foreign aid investment and establish its own foreign aid system.With regard to the foreign aid policy,Russia has changed from drawing on experiences of Western countries and recognizing foreign aid as a way to fulfill international obligations and gain national prestige,to actively exploring the establishment of a foreign aid policy system that well fits its reality and emphasizes aiding to CIS countries,and promoting its"soft power"and national interests.With regard to the management,the president plays a central role in the foreign aid policy,the government is responsible for implementation,the parliament is responsible for related legislative work,and each federal agency is responsible for specific operations within their scope of responsibilities.With regard to the operating system,Russia has included foreign aid operations in its national plans,and established an inter-departmental coordinating agency composed of the government,non-governmental organizations and enterprises to coordinate multilateral and bilateral foreign aid.With regard tothe evaluation system,Russia has proposed an evaluation method for the spending of aid budget,regularly released foreign aid data and reports,and improved its foreign aid evaluation system.In recent years,Russia's foreign aid system has undergone major adjustments,and the authority to manage foreign aid has tended to shift from the financial department to the diplomatic department,and from the government to the president.