书证提出命令制度的泛化适用与价值平衡——兼评新《民事证据规定》第47条

新《民事证据规定》第47条细化书证提出命令制度的适用范围,以期达到书证提出命令发现案件真实和追求实质平等的制度宗旨。但是限制性规定的缺位,以及明确将涉及国家秘密、商业秘密或者个人隐私等特定内容之书证纳入制度的调整视域,直接造成书证提出命令制度的泛化适用,侵犯公民和法律特别珍视的特定利益,引发非理性的利益冲突与价值失衡。基于此,理当在坚持书证提出命令一般性适用之前提下,规定必要的除外事由,适当限缩其适用范围,并以严格限制下的秘密审查程序为补充,查明除外事由的存在,以更妥善的制度安排寻求发现真实与特定利益冲突之间的价值平衡。

Generalization of Order for Production of Documents and Its Value Balance: Also on the Article 47 of New Rules of Evidence in Civil Proceedings

Article 47 of new Rules of Evidence in Civil Proceedings refines the scope of order for the production of documents, with a view to discover the truth of the case and to pursue substantial equality. However, the absence of restrictive regulations, with state secrets, trade secrets and personal privacy explicitly included in the adjustment scope of the system directly result in the generalized application, infringing on citizens and their particularly cherished laws, triggering irrational conflicts of interest and value imbalances. To avoid such adverse consequence, it is advisable to stipulate the necessary exclusions and appropriately narrow the scope of application before insisting on the general application of order for the production of documents, and supplement it with the strictly restricted trial in camera to find out the existence of the exclusions, so as to seek the value balance between truth discovering and interest conflicting.