论政府数据开放的基本原则

在中央层面统一立法缺位现状下，明确政府数据开放应遵循的基本原则有益于地方政府数据开放实践开展与相关法律制度构建。确立基本原则应当依据以下三个标准：促进公众对政府数据资源的再利用，符合政府数据开放制度的目标定位，满足数据安全保障的要求。基于该标准，数据安全保护原则、需求导向原则、数据质量原则、自由使用原则、公众参与原则应被确定为政府数据开放的基本原则。数据安全保护原则旨在管控数据安全风险，保障数据开放与利用在安全可控前提下进行。需求导向、数据质量、自由使用三项原则围绕数据、开放和利用三个关键环节展开，为数据可用性提供根本保障。政府数据开放对公众参与的强依赖性使公众参与成为一项基本原则，进而推动公私合作治理的数字政府改革进程。

Basic Principles of Open Government Data

In the absence of central unified legislation, it is beneficial for local governments to carry out open data practice and establish relevant legal systems to clarify the basic principles to be followed in open government data. The establishment of basic principles should be based on the following three criteria: to promote the reuse of government data resources, to achieve the goal of open government data, and to meet the requirements of data security. Based on these standards, data security protection, demand-oriented, data quality, free use, and public participation should be identified as the basic principles of open government data. The principle of data security protection aims to control the risk of data security and ensure that data opening and utilization are carried out under the premise of security. The three principles of data quality, demand-orientation and free use stress three key steps: data, openness and utilization, which provide the fundamental guarantee for data availability. The strong dependence of open government data on public participation makes public participation a basic principle, and then promotes the digital government reform process of public-private cooperative governance.