监管型国家制度变迁的动因和特征

监管型国家的崛起是20世纪人类重要的制度创新,美国是这一领域的典范。探讨监管型国家制度变迁的动力、特征和内在矛盾,对于解决我国食品药品安全、消费者权益保护、安全生产等现实问题具有启示意义。本文以制度主义为视角,分析了影响美国政府监管产生和三阶段发展的因素,归纳出监管体系演变的主要特征:市场机制是内生动力,法治建设是约束力,社会进步是外在拉力,同时探讨了监管失灵的可能性。

Incentive and Feature of Regulatory State Institutional Change

The rise of regulatory state is an important institutional innovation in the 20th century,and the United States is a very good model for that.Exploring the incentives,features and contradictions of regulatory state can be helpful to the improvement of regulatory system reform in China,including solving the problems in food and drug safety,consumer protection and occupational safety.Based on the institutional theory,this paper analyzes the evolution of government regulation in America and its three development phases,and summarizes the main characteristics that advance the establishment and development of modern regulatory state,namely,market economic mechanism is an endogenous driving force,rule of law is a constraint factor and social progress is an external tension.And meanwhile,it also discusses about the possibilities of regulation failure.