社会组织提起环境公益诉讼的综合激励机制重构

与环境公益诉讼可能产生"井喷增长"担忧相悖的是,当前除检察机关提起诉讼呈现强劲发展势头外,社会组织这一具有独特优势和发展潜力的原告诉讼却呈现衰减的趋势,普遍存在诉讼意愿不强、提起案件数量走低的现象。这不仅违背了环境公益诉讼主体分层次、递进式的制度设计思路,也不利于诉讼在更大范围内开展。主要原因在于公益诉讼激励规则设计偏失,忽视了诉讼提起涉及的复杂利益因素,缺乏可操作性的激励方式指引,导致对社会力量有序参与诉讼的调动乏力。应注重从已有审判实践出发,立足诉讼动力的分析,深入社会组织行为决策的内部,充分考量激励结构的关联性,在此基础上优化诉讼激励内容,充实激励方式设计,强化提起诉讼的条件支撑,形成对社会组织提起诉讼的综合激励机制,同时立足当下丰富检察机关支持起诉的内容,规范检察机关对行政公益诉讼的提起,拓展社会组织参与诉讼的制度空间。

Reconstruction of Comprehensive Incentive Mechanism for Social Organizations to Bring Environmental Public Interest Litigation

Contrary to the concern that environmental public interest litigation may produce a"blowout growth",at present,in addition to the rapid development of litigation initiated by the procuratorial organs,the social organization,which has unique advantage and development potential,shows a general phenomenon that the litigation will is not strong and the number of cases is low.This is not only against the hierarchy and progressive system design ideas of evironmental public interest litigation subject,but also restrict the broader scope of litigation.One of the reasons is that the incentive rules of public interest litigation are not designed properly.Specifically,the complicated interest factors of litigation are ignored,and there is no guidance of operability’s incentive path,which lead to the lack of mobilization of social forces to participate in litigation in an orderly manner.Therefore,we should start from the existing trial practice,based on the analysis of litigation motivation,go deep into the decision-making of social organization behavior,fully consider the relevance of incentive structure.Then optimize the content of litigation motivation,enrich the design of incentive mode,and strengthen the condition support of bringing a lawsuit to form a comprehensive incentive mechanism to bring a lawsuit.At the same time,it’s essential to enrich the contents of the procuratorial organs to support the prosecution and standardize the prosecution of administrative public interest litigation,which expand the system space for social organizations to participate in litigation.