青海藏獒尘肺的病理学观察

采用光镜和电镜技术对青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县的5例成年藏獒的肺、支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结进行了病理学观察.结果表明,5例藏獒肺均有程度不等的尘肺病变,其中3例尘肺病变相对较重.表现为局灶型或弥漫型尘肺病变.局灶型尘灶与尘细胞结节呈星状、散状分布,多位于细支气管周围、肺泡隔和肺胸膜结缔组织中;弥漫型则尘灶与尘细胞弥漫性分布于大范围肺组织中,尘灶周围及尘细胞浸润局部有大量淋巴细胞浸润和结缔组织增生,局部肺泡隔因结缔组织增生而显著增宽,肺泡腔萎缩,肺组织结构破坏.细支气管周围常有慢性炎症,其下段管腔常可形成扩张和肺气肿区.同时,5例尘肺病例中均有程度不等的单核巨噬细胞性肺炎.5例支气管淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结均有严重的尘灶和尘细胞结节.3例出现灶性或较大范围纤维化.电镜观察发现,肺及淋巴结中尘细胞线粒体肿胀空泡化,内质网扩张,细胞中有大量尘粒聚集,尘粒聚集处细胞器破坏.尘细胞周围的肺泡上皮细胞也有程度不等的退行性变化.表明,青海藏獒尘肺为无机尘肺与有机尘肺组成的混合性尘肺,其发生与当地的环境密切相关.

Pathological observation on pneumoconiosis of Tibetan mastiff in Qinghai Province

The lungs and bronchial and diaphragmatic lymph nodes of 5 mature Tibetan mastiffs from Dari County of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province were pathologically observed using the light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Pneumoconiosis lesions occurred in the lungs of all the 5 Tibetan mastiffs,which included local and diffuse types.In local type,dust-foci and dust-cell were cumulated sporadically in lungs,but in diffuse type,dusts were extensively distributed in pulmonary ti...