小学高年级儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响

采用MCYQ儿童气质问卷和EMBU父母教养方式评定问卷调查了80名小学四、五年级学生的气质及其父母的教养方式。结果表明：小学高年级儿童的气质只与父母教养方式的情感温暖、理解，惩罚严厉和拒绝否认三个维度显著相关。儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响存在共性和差异，节律性、适应性和坚持性与父母亲的教养方式都显著相关，而情绪、注意品质和反应阈只和母亲的教养行为显著相关。影响父母教养方式的积极气质因素为节律性强、适应迅速、坚持性强和注意不易分散，消极因素为活动量大、适应缓慢、趋避性为易接近、注意易分散等。难养型和偏难养型儿童，其母亲较少表现情感温暖、理解行为，较多给予惩罚严厉和拒绝否认行为。

Influences of Fourth and Fifth Grade Children''''s Temperament on Their Parental Parenting Styles

This study used MCTQ and EMBU respectively to test the temperament of 80 fourth and fifth grade children in an elementary school and their parents' parenting styles in order to explore the impacts of children's temperament on their parents' parenting styles.After data analysis of zero order correlation,multiple regression,and ANOVA,this research yielded several results.First,children's temperament only influences parents' parenting styles on warmth,punishment,and rejection.Second,there are both similarities and differences between the influences of children's temperament on fathers' and mothers' parenting styles.Third,high rhythmicity,adaptibility,persistence,and low distractibility are regarded as positive temperament factors on parenting styles,while high activity level,low adaptibility,approach to new stimuli,and distractibility are regarded as negative temperament factors.Fourth,it is more difficult for the Difficult Child and the apt Difficult Child to obtain mothers' warmth and understanding,while it is much easier for them to arouse mothers' punishment and rejection.