“禁止不利益变更”原则若干问题研究

"禁止不利益变更"原则,作为大陆法系主要国家民事上诉案件审理的一项重要原则,其是仅适用于第二审程序中的一项规范法官裁判的规则;其中的"不利益"指的是有损于上诉人在一审判决中,已经判归上诉人的实体利益。应当将"不利益"的判断和识别标准扩大到判决的理由。将这一原则引入我国,有利于较好地贯彻和体现辩论主义,促进审判民主和防止裁判突袭,以及保障法官的裁判中立。

Issues Concerning the Principle of "Prohibition of Alteration with Prejudice"

"Prohibition of alteration with prejudice," a cardinal principle commonly applied in the trials of civil appeals in civil law countries,is,in essence,employed in the court of second instance to control and regulate judges' adjudications.Here the term "with prejudice" means a detriment to the interests gained by or the substantial judgment benefit awarded to the appellant in the court of first instance.We should extend the term's employment scope to look into the ratio decidendi to see whether there is "with prejudice." To introduce this principle into China,in this author's opinion,will surely conduce to advancing argumentation,improving judicial democracy,preventing from judgments against logic thinking and ensuring judges' neutrality.