试论法律位阶划分的标准——兼及行政法规与地方性法规之间的位阶问题

法律位阶的成立,是以明晰而准确的标准为前提的。作者认为,可以通过三个准则来对法律位阶进行上、下位的确定:(1)权力的等级性,是指法律位阶的高低以权力的不同等级为确立基准。(2)事项的包容性,是指法律位阶关系以立法事项的包容性为标准,由此形成法律与法律之间的层层递进关系。(3)权力的同质性,指法律位阶的划分以权力的同质性为基础。这一标准本身也是对"权力的等级性"标准的限制。以上述三个标准为准据,本文认为,在行政法规与地方性法规之间并不存在上下级的位阶关系,而是属于法律之下同等的规范性法律文件。

On the Criterion in Differentiating the Order of law

The premise of the existence of legal steps is the clear and definite standards. We can define the legal steps by three standards; (1) the different classes of powers, by which the legal steps is decided. (2) the inclusion of items, according to this standard, the laws with higher step are the "mother law" of the laws with lower step. (3) the same quality of the powers, which is also the basis of the classification of the legal steps. It' s also the restriction of the first standard. so there are no relationship of legal steps between regulations and local legislations.