被害人承诺的刑法意义

被害人的承诺有广义和狭义之分。广义的被害人承诺包括关系人的合意和被害人的同意,其中,关系人的合意是阻却构成要件该当性事由,而被害人的同意则是刑法中的正当化行为;狭义的被害人的承诺则仅指作为刑法中的正当化行为而存在的被害人的同意。由于关系人的合意中并无所谓被害人的存在,因而刑法理论中的被害人承诺,凡未作特别说明,一般专指狭义的被害人的承诺即被害人同意,而法益衡量理论,则为基于被害人承诺的行为的刑事正当性提供了有力的根据和说明。

Criminal Significance of Victim's Promise

The victim's promise in a broad sense includes the common consent of parties concerned which is "ought ground" in a stopping factor of component parts and the consent of victim which is a justificative active in criminal Law. The victim's promise in a marrow sense only means the consent of victim which exists as a justificative active in criminal law. Because there is not the existing of so-called victim in the common consent of parties concerned, the victim's promise in criminal theories, which doesn't explain specifically, in general means the victim' s promise in narrow sense, namely the consent of victim.