从混合均衡到分权制衡——西塞罗与联邦党人共和思想之比较

西塞罗古典共和思想以混合均衡政体为核心,而联邦党人则推陈出新,建构了以“自由选择、分权制衡”为核心的现代共和思想,但这两种共和思想并非毫不相干,而是有着内在的关联。一方面,两者有着共同的理论渊源和基本原则,从混合均衡到分权制衡展现了共和思想发展的内在理路;另一方面,在政体划分基础、目标诉求、权威依凭、政体实质等方面,联邦党人现代共和思想是对西塞罗古典共和思想的发展与超越。

From Mixed Balance to Separated Restriction: A Comparison Between Cicero's Classical Republic Theory and the Modern Republic Theory of the Federalists

Cicero's classical republic theory emphasizes a mixed & balanced polity,while the Federalists advance a new republic theory that centers on "free selection,decentralized restriction and balance." However,the two republic theories are not "wide of the mark," but have intrinsic relationships.On the one hand,both of them originate from common theoretical sources and share similar basic principles.The development of the theories from mixed balance to decentralized restriction and balance embodies an inherent advancement of the republic theories.On the other hand,the Federalists modern republic theory,though based on Cicero's classical republic theory,obviously transcends the latter in carving out new spheres of polity,hitting the political target,judging the authorities and studying the essence of polity.