Analysis of etorphine in postmortem samples by HPLC with UV diode-array detection |
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| Institution: | 1. Clermont Université, Université d''Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;2. INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;3. Plateforme d''Exploration du Métabolisme, INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand–Theix, UMR 1019 , Nutrition Humaine, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France;1. Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;2. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore;3. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;4. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA;5. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore;6. Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore;1. Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA;2. Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA |
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| Abstract: | Etorphine is a synthetic narcotic analgesic usually used in veterinary medicine. It possesses an analgesic potency up to 1000 times greater than morphine and is therefore used in low doses, primarily for tranquilising large animals. For veterinary use, etorphine is usually available in its commercial formulation as Immobilon®, when in combination with acepromazine or methotrimeprazine. Due to the potency of etorphine, only very low doses are required to produce adverse or fatal effects. This paper describes a method for detecting and quantifying etorphine using HPLC with UV diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) and demonstrates the advantage of the technique for the detection of Immobilon® at low doses. In a forensic case involving Immobilon®, the etorphine concentrations measured in postmortem femoral vein and heart blood specimens were 14.5 and 23.5 μg/l, respectively. No etorphine was detected in the urine. To our knowledge this is the first time postmortem etorphine concentrations have been reported. |
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