The effect of cervical inclination and body position on postmortem cephalometric airway measurements |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, FIN-00029 Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;2. Cleft Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, FIN-00029 Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;3. Institute of Dentistry, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;4. Department of Forensic Medicine, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Capital Health, Trenton, NJ 08638, USA;2. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;3. Center for Corrective Jaw Surgery, 15 North Presidential Boulevard, Suite 301, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA;4. Department of Oral Medicine, The Robert Schattner Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA;1. Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, Calif;2. Mathematical statistician, Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Md;3. Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China;4. Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China;5. Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, Calif;6. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, and Director, Craniofacial Research Instrumentation Laboratory, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, Calif;1. Oral Health and Dental Treatment Center, Ankara Mevki Military Hospital, Diskapı, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey;2. Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Orthodontics, Dental Sciences Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey;1. Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;2. Oral Radiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
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| Abstract: | The effects of cervical inclination and body position on airway measurements were studied in 12 cadavers (8 males) aged 26–62 years. None had any injuries in the head and neck region or anomalies of the cervical spine. The upper airway of the tracheostomized cadavers was cleaned by suction and radiopaque contrast media was sprayed into the pharynx. Lateral cephalometric X-rays were taken in a modified cephalostat. In order to obtain maximum cervical flexion and extension as well as a middle position, the cephalostat was adjusted in antero–posterior dimension for three cervical inclinations in both upright and supine positions. When taking the radiographs the Frankfort plane was adjusted so that it was horizontal when the subject was seated and vertical while the subject was recumbent. Cephalometric pharyngeal airway dimensions were measured at five levels ranging from palatopharynx to hypopharynx. We found that pharyngeal airway dimensions increased at all levels with increasing cervical inclination, while supine posture independently decreased the measurements. The effect of cervical inclination was larger at lower levels of pharynx than at higher levels. These findings indicate that cervical inclination plays a major role in modifying the dimensions of the passive upper airway. Therefore the effects of cervical inclination and body position should be adjusted for in studies of the upper airway in cadavers, and probably also in anesthetized subjects. |
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