回归学术还是面向问题?——当代马克思主义伦理学的两种致思路向

回归学术与面向问题是马克思主义伦理学研究的两种致思路向,其根据在于马克思主义哲学的历史性和现实性这两种价值诉求。马克思主义伦理思想发生史、西方马克思主义伦理思想批评史和马克思主义伦理学问题史,构成了马克思主义伦理学的三种书写方式,其中前两种是朝向学术的,后一种是面向问题的。建构当代中国形态的马克思主义伦理学就是沿着回归学术和面向问题两种路径而展开,研读经典文本、领悟微言大义,旨在"返本开新",回到道德与伦理问题得以发生和演变的初始根据,感悟马克思恩格斯创立唯物史观的心路历程、领悟马克思恩格斯运用唯物史观批判资本主义和构想共产主义的原则与精神。在继承和发展马克思恩格斯伦理观的基础上,适度借鉴或吸收中外伦理思想资源,继续完善马克思主义伦理学的理论体系,在现代性场域下,研究继续深化和完善社会主义市场经济过程中的具有道德和伦理性质的理论问题和实践难题;在全球治理和国家治理实践中,探索和构建中国形态的德性论、规范论与实践论。一种日趋完善的社会主义道德和伦理体系,不仅具有中国价值,更有世界意义。

Returning to Academics or Remaining Problem-oriented?——Two Approaches in Contemporary Marxist Ethics

Returning to academics and remaining problem-oriented are two main approaches in Marxist ethics research,whose foundations can be found with the two value pursuits of historical and realistic attributes of Marxist philosophy.The history of generation of Marxist ethical thought,the history of Western Marxist ethical criticism,and the history of Marxist ethics problems have constituted the three writing methods of Marxist ethics.The first two are academic-oriented,and the latter is problem-oriented.The construction of Marxist ethics in contemporary China has developed along the two path-ways of returning to academic and remaining problem-oriented.Reading classic texts and comprehending the meaning of specific and detailed remarks is aimed at"returning to the original and opening up the new"and returning to the beginning of the occurrence and evolution of moral and ethical issues;it is also necessary to understand the mental process of Marx and Engels in establishing the historical materialism,and to understand the principles and spirit of Marx and Engels in using the historical materialism to criticize capitalism and conceive communism.On the basis of inheriting and developing Marx and Engels’ethics,we should appropriately learn from or absorb merits from Chinese and foreign ethical resources,continue to improve the theoretical system of Marxist ethics,and study theoretical issues and practical problems with moral and ethical nature in the process of continued deepening and improvement of the socialist market economy in the field of modernity;in the practice of global governance and national governance,we need to explore and construct the moral,normative and practical theory with Chinese forms.An increasingly improved socialist moral and ethical system offers both Chinese value and global significance.