论提单首要条款的性质和效力

提单的首要条款是指明提单特定事项受某公约或某国家特定国内法支配的条款 ,从性质上讲 ,就是法律适用条款。提单首要条款 (特殊法律适用条款 )与提单一般法律适用条款地位相同 ,如果提单中这两类条款同时存在 ,且规定不同 ,则可考虑采用“分割适用互相补充法”或“重叠适用和谐解释法”。提单首要条款有效与否关键是要经过法院地国法官所认定的内国的具有绝对效力的强行法的考验

On the Nature and Effect of the Paramount Clause in B/L

Paramount clause in the B/L is the clause indicating special items which are under the control of some conventions or special domestic laws of some countries.In nature,it is the choice of law clause. Paramount clause in B/L (special choice of law clause) ranks the same as general choice of law clause, if these two kinds of clause exist in one B/L and stipulate differently, we may take into account of the method of"division use and supplement each other" or "superposition use and harmonious explain". Whether the paramount clause in B/L is effective or not,it should be tested by the compulsory law of absolute validity which is maintained by the judge of Lex fori.