司法救助及其中国模式——以《关于建立完善国家司法救助制度的意见（试行）》展开

司法救助的前身是刑事被害人救助,后者与各国刑事被害人补偿具有同一性,而前者在吸收被害人救助内涵后,不再属于民事诉讼费用制度中的特定概念。社会矛盾激化、纠纷解决的司法化以及普遍存在的执行难现象,是司法救助取代刑事被害人救助的内在原因。我国司法救助以功利主义作为正当化根基,倡导保护生活模式,大幅扩张救助对象范围,实现救助决定权的多元分享,从而具有了鲜明的中国特点。明确国家在司法救助中的清偿代位人角色,多元化地理解司法救助的正当性根据,确定被救助人权利主体的地位,同时合理地对救助对象加以类型化,是我国司法救助制度完善的可行方案。

Judicial Relief and the Chinese Model

Victim compensation is replaced by judicial relief,and it is no longer a conception in civil procedure law. Social conflicts,dispute resolution in justice and difficult to implement,are the reasons of system transforming. On the basis of Utilitarianism,judicial relief keeps focus on a large population,and is aimed at protecting people＇s survival. Conferring the rights of victims,setting national responsibility,and clearing the scope of relief are the feasible improvement to the judicial relief.