元杂剧“负心汉”形象成因分析

元杂剧中负心汉形象形成的原因有二：一是民族压迫的政治原因,包括当时人的社会地位的差异和元代文人仕途路断的残酷现实;二是传统观念衰落的文化原因。一直居于统治地位的儒家文化在元代遭受高压,普通市民常常陷入金钱物欲的诱惑中,人们已不看重恪守伦常。在以上两种原因的共同作用下,当时人们为了提高自身的社会地位,追权逐势,负心易妻现象十分普遍。元杂剧中的负心汉形象,是对当时社会生活的真实反映。

Analysis on the Formation of Heart Breakers in Operas Composed in the Yuan Dynasty

In the operas composed in the Yuan Dynasty, heart breakers were formed due to two reasons. The first was political reason caused by national oppression. There were great differences between people’s social status as well as the cruel fact that literati were rarely able to become officials in the Yuan Dynasty. The second was cultural reason caused by depression of traditional conceptions. Confucius cultures, which used to be at the leading position, were pressed in the Yuan Dynasty. Common people would easily be lured by money and material attractions, and they would not follow ethics in daily life. Influenced by the above reasons, in order to change their social status, people would pursue power. Therefore, it was very common that heart breakers always left their wives and ran after richer and more powerful ladies. In the operas composed in the Yuan Dynasty, the figures of heart breaker reflected the real social life at the time.