合宪性审查提请机制的完善——兼论检察机关宪法定位的充分落实

对法规和司法解释提起合宪性(合法性)审查,我国实行的是审查要求与审查建议并行的双轨提请机制。长期以来,由公民提出审查建议是双轨提请机制中最活跃的部分,国务院、中央军委、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、省级人大常委会“五大机关”提出审查要求的规范则长期虚置,这不利于深化依法治国、推进合宪性审查工作。检察机关作为国家的法律监督机关,在推进合宪性审查,维护宪法权威中具有法定职责。我国应建立检察机关合宪性审查提请工作机制,将“四大检察”职能行使过程中发现的合宪性审查事项,通过提请工作机制上报最高人民检察院审查,由最高人民检察院根据《立法法》和《监督法》提出审查要求。

Perfection of the Mechanism on Submitting A Constitutional Review:On the Full Implementation of the Constitutional Orientation of Procuratorial Organs

On submitting the constitutional review, a two - track mechanism in parallel with the review request and review recommendations has been implemented . For a long time, citizens have submitted requests for review and become the most active part of the dual - track drawing mechanism, while the "five major organsv ( the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme Court, the Supreme People' s Congress, and the Provincial People ' s Congress Standing Committee) have not submitted any reviewing requirements. This is not conducive to deepening the rule of law and promoting constitutional review. The Supreme People' s Procuratorate has absorbed the relevant provisions of the Legislation Law in the adjustment of job duties and reform of the internal organs in early 2019, and officially incorporated the right to request constitutional review into its job responsibilities, which is expected to promote constitutional review and safeguard the constitutional authority. However, this code of conduct should also include the request for review of judicial interpretation to further improve the constitutional ( legality) review and submission mechanism, and fully implement the legal supervision power.