环境权保护的人格权法进路——兼论绿色原则在民法典人格权编的体现

环境权的理论设想还没有转化为系统的制度方案和有效的法治实践,其法定化举步维艰。充分认识环境权的人格权属性,特别是作为环境权之核心内容的良好环境权与人的尊严、自由和健康之间的必然联系,可发现环境权法定化的人格权法路径。良好环境权的健康诉求可以通过解释纳入健康权的保护范围,享有美好环境的诉求构成环境人格的独特内容,需要立法上的确认。民法典人格权编制定中,应当将环境权法定化的需求与人格权法落实绿色原则的要求结合起来,在人格权的基本规定中明确良好环境权为新型人格权,在健康权条文中加入环境保护的要求,并创设专门的良好环境权条文以及相应的保护规则条文,推进环境权的法定化以及《民法总则》绿色原则在人格权法中落实。

Approach of Personality Right Law in Environmental Right Protection

The development of environmental right theory has not yet been transformed into a systematic institutional plan and an effective operation of legal practice,and the legalization of environmental right is difficult.We should fully recognize the personality characteristic of environmental right,especially the inevitable connection between the favorable environmental right and human dignity,freedom and health,and explore the way to legalize environmental right by personality right law.It is possible to incorporate the health appeal of favorable environmental right into the scope of the right to health.The appeal of beautiful environment is the basic content of environmental personality and needs to be confirmed by legislation.In the personality code part of the Civil Code,it is justified to combine the legalization of environmental right with the implementation of the green principle.Specifically,the favorable environmental right should be defined as a new personality right in the basic provisions of personality right,environmental protection requirements should be included in the right to health clause,and special clause of favorable environmental right and corresponding protection rules should be clearly defined.