协助外国追缴违法所得的条件与程序

新颁布的《中华人民共和国国际刑事司法协助法》在协助外国查封、扣押、冻结涉案财物问题上,果断地放弃了“立案”要求,为执行外国相关请求规定了一系列比较符合刑事司法协助特有属性的条件。在协助外国没收违法所得及其他涉案财物问题上,没有使用“法院”和“裁判”这两个术语,使得各主管机关均可以依照法定条件决定提供没收协助,只要我国法律在违法所得没收问题上赋予了该主管机关以决定权或者程序启动权。在此问题上,我国《刑事诉讼法》关于违法所得没收的特别程序以及检察机关启动该程序的申请权需得到充分考虑。在返还违法所得及其他涉案财物问题上,确立了关于财产被害人合法权利的证明标准,除没收后返还外,各主管机关还可以不经没收程序直接根据合法所有权证明返还被查获的违法所得。

The Conditions and Procedure of Assisting Foreign Countries in Illegal Proceeds Recovery

On the issue of assisting foreign countries in seizure,impoundment and freezing of property involved in a case,the new Law on International Judicial Assistance in Criminal Matters abandons the requirement of "case filing"decisively,and provides a series of conditions conforming to the unique attributes of criminal judicial assistance so as to implement foreign request. As regards assisting foreign countries in confiscation and return of illegal proceeds and other property involved in a case,the terms "court"and "judgement"are not used in the new law,which enables each competent authority to decide to provide confiscation assistance on the basis of statutory conditions,as long as the law of our country entitle the competent authority to decide or to initiate procedure on the issue of illegal proceeds confiscation. As to this issue,what require to be fully considered are the special procedure for illegal proceeds confiscation and the procuratorate ’s power to apply for initiating this procedure provided in the Criminal Procedure Law. As regards the return of illegal proceeds and other property involved in a case,the new law establishes the standard of proof about property victim’s statutory rights. Except for the return after confiscation,each competent authority may also return seized illegal proceeds directly pursuant to legitimate certificate of title without the confiscation procedure.