我国P2P网贷平台触及非法集资犯罪红线的研究

典型的P2P平台是纯粹的信息中介,但P2P模式到我国后进行了本土化调整,出现了严重的"异化"现象,问题平台涌现,最大的困扰就是触及非法集资犯罪的红线问题。P2P网贷模式天生具有的非法集资性质决定了P2P平台需限制借款人借款金额和人数。而搞"资金池"导致P2P平台触犯非法集资犯罪也在所难免,引入第三方资金托管有利于解决"资金池"问题。目前P2P平台盛行的"债权转让模式"中也要谨慎非法集资犯罪红线。多数P2P平台引入的担保机制实际并不增信反而可能助长非法集资犯罪。还要关注集资诈骗罪中"非法占有目的"在P2P平台中的认定问题,以及平台因借款人问题可能陷入非法集资共犯的情况。

Study on the P2P Net Loan Platform's Touching the Red Line of Illegal Fund-raising Crime in China

The typical P2 P platform is a pure information intermediary,but after its arrival in China,the P2 P model has undergone localization and "dissimilation". Although regulatory measures have been succesively carried out,the problematic platforms still emerge. The biggest problem is that those platforms touch the red line of illegal fund-raising crime. The inherent illegal fund-raising nature of the P2 P net loan mode determines that the P2 P platforms need to limit the number of borrowers and their loan amount. Establishing a "capital pool"is always the sufficient condition for the P2 P platforms to commit illegal fund-raising crime,but the introduction of a third-party fund custody helps solve the problem of "capital pool". At present,the prevailing"creditor’s rights transfer mode"also need to be cautious of the red line of illegal fund-raising crime. Most gurantee mechanisms introduced by P2 P platforms actually do not enhance credit,but possibly commit illegal fund-raising crime. The attention should also be paied to both the identification of "the purpose of illegal posession",which is the diffrence between the crime of illegal absorbing public deposits and illegal fund-raising crime,in P2 P platforms and the situation where platforms may become accomplices because of borrower problems.