改革开放40年中国人权理论与实践的创新发展

本文旨在改变纵向梳理式的编年史研究范式,而从人权法哲学的高度揭示改革开放40年来中国的人权发展。概言之,40年的人权发展历程实质上是人权的理路进化、价值优化、法治强化和话语转化的强大整合过程。在演进理路上,历经了概念转化、理论证成、法律确认、共同行动、创新发展五大阶段;在发展去路上,可以探知未来三十年"一个时段"和"两个阶段"的清晰线路与目标导向;在价值优化上,40年人权史是一部通过自由与平等的均衡互动而整体建构中国特色人权体系的进程,以实现人民主体与个人人格、社会整体与个体权利、全面推进与核心权利之间的有机统合;在法治转型上,历经了从重视人权立法到强化人权司法再到全面加强人权法治保障的两次历史性飞跃;在全球共识上,通过本体、价值、方法、认知与实践论上的创新,不断丰富国际人权话语体系。

The Evolution and the Innovation: Forty Years' Progress of Chinese Human Rights since the Reform and the Opening up

The paper aims to change research paradigm from the longitudinal chronicle to human rights philosophy to disclosure the progress of Chinese view of human rights. In essence,it can be concluded as logic evolution,value optimization,rule-of-law protection and discourse transition. From the perspective of ideology,the history of the human rights development could be divided into the following five stages: the concept exclusion,theoretical justification,legal confirmation,common action and comprehensive innovation. The trend of Chinese human rights in the next 30 years could be summarized as "one time"and "two phases"with the route map and development goals respectively. From the dimension of value,the human rights evolution demonstrates the comprehensive progress of the human right system with Chinese characteristics via interaction between freedom and equity,and it realizes the integration between people’s principal position and individual personality,the social progress and the individual rights,comprehensive promotion and core rights protection. From the dimension of the transformation of the rule of law,it experienced two historical leaps from construction of the human right legislation system to strengthening judicial protection of human rights,and to comprehensively advancing the rule-of-law protection of human rights. From the dimension of global common consciousness,it is to improve and enrich the international human rights governance system from noumenon,value,methodology,recognition and practice.