论检察机关的提前介入:法理、限度与程序

检察机关提前介入制度经过30余年的实践探索,已经取得了一定成效,但也面临一些亟待突破的困境。从法理层面分析,检察机关的提前介入兼具诉权保障和法律监督双重价值,亦不乏宪法法律支撑。检察机关的提前介入既不能过早、也不能太晚;既不能过宽过深,也不能过窄过浅。为此,需要在时(时机)空(范围)上对检察机关的提前介入作出限定,但介入时机的确定和介入范围的限定不宜搞一刀切,而要因地因案制宜、具体问题具体分析。此外,对检察机关提前介入的启动、介入行为和介入终结等具体程序方面均应有所规范。只有明晰提前介入的法理基础,把握其限度,规范其程序,才能充分发挥提前介入的应有功能,实现检察机关提前介入制度设计的初衷。伴随着监察法的实施,检察机关提前介入监委办理的案件日渐进入公众视野,但此与针对公安机关侦查活动的提前介入存在一定的差异,需要制度上的进一步规范和完善。

On Advance Intervention of Procuratorial Organs:Legal Principles,Limits and Procedures

The advance intervention system of procuratorial organs has achieved certain success after more than 30 years of practice and exploration,but it is confronted with some urgent difficulties. From the perspective of jurisprudence the advance intervention of procuratorial organs has double value,protection of public prosecution power and legal supervision. And it also has legislative authority. The advance intervention of procuratorial organs should neither be too early nor too late;neither too wide nor too deep nor too narrow or too shallow. Therefore,it is necessary to limit the advance intervention of procuratorial organs in time and scope,but the determination of the intervention time and the limitation of the intervention scope should not be carried out in a one-size-fits-all manner,but should be based on local conditions and specific cases. In addition,the start of procuratorial organs'advance intervention,intervention behavior and intervention termination should be standardized. Only by clarifying the legal basis of the advance intervention, grasping the limitation and standardizing the procedure of it,can the effect of advance intervention be brought into full practice and the original intention of the system of procuratorial organs'advance intervention be realized. With the Implementation of Supervision Law,procuratorate intervene cases in advance handled by the Supervisory Committeen is increasingly into the public view,However,there are some differences between this and advance intervention to the investigation activities of the public security organs,which need to be further standardized and perfected in the system.