UPOV1991人工瀑布保护规则及启示

人工瀑布保护规则是UPOV1991新规定的内容之一,也是我国决定是否加入UPOV1991的关键问题之一。该规则的实质内容是将品种权的保护对象从授权品种的繁殖材料延伸到授权品种的收获材料,以及由收获材料直接制成的产品。值得注意的是,UPOV1991对于品种权保护对象的延伸部分属于强制性规定,部分属于选择性规定。美国、日本、欧盟、德国和英国等发达国家和地区,基于提高品种权保护水平、激励育种创新的考虑,在国内法层面全部或部分引入人工瀑布保护规则。研究人工瀑布保护规则,对于我国决定是否提高品种权保护水平、顺利开展农产品的对外贸易以及决定是否加入UPOV1991都具有十分重要的现实意义。

The Cascading Principle in UPOV1991 and Its Illumination

The Cascading Principle is one of new regulations in UPOV1991, which is one of crucial elements should be considered by China government in deciding whether China should enter UPOV1991 or not. The fundamental content of the regulation is that the protection object of the breeder’s right expands from the propagating material of the protected variety to the harvested material, or to certain products made directly from propagating material of the protected variety. Some contracting party of UPOV1991, such as United States, Japan, Europe Community, Germany, United Kingdom and the Netherlands, have already brought in the Cascading Principle completely or partly, in order to improve protection level of breeder’s rights and encourage innovations of breeding. It is very significant to study the Cascading Principle in UPOV1991 for China to answer the following questions, including how to strengthen the protection of breeder’s rights, how to develop international trade of agricultural products, and when China will enter UPOV1991.