国家符号的刑法保护

国家符号是一种特定的符号类型,可表现为文字、图案、人物形象等形式。国家符号附着于物质载体而存在,兼具社会事实属性和规范属性。社会事实属性表现为客观性、外在性、普遍性;规范属性可从重要性、积极性、法定性三方面进行判断。国家符号的社会事实结构形成于前国家的人与人的合作关系,并参与了国家的形成和运行条件的形塑,因此,侵害国家符号犯罪的保护法益为国家运行条件。国家运行条件是一种集体法益,对其刑法保护的范围受到两个方面的限制:一为基本权利的限制;二为最后手段性的限制。在国家符号犯罪的具体解释上,首先,应当恪守刑法条文的文义边界,准确界定条文文义;其次,在文义边界之内,可对侵害国家符号的不同犯罪类型进行目的性限缩。目的性限缩可从公共性、主观要素、行为方式三个方面展开。

The Criminal Law Protection of National Symbols

The national symbol is a specific symbol,which can be expressed in the forms of words,patterns,personalities of characters,etc.,attached to the material carrier to exist,but it also has the characteristics of social facts and normative implications.Among them,the characteristics of its social facts are objectivity,externality,universality;Its normative implications need to be judged from importance,initiative,and legality,three aspects.The social factual structure of the national symbol formed in the cooperative relationship of the people of the former nation,and participated in the formation of the nation and the shaping of the operating conditions.Therefore,protecting the legal interests of crimes against national symbols is the condition for the operation of the nation.National operating conditions as collective legal interests,its protecting scope needs to be restricted by two aspects:restrictions on fundamental rights,restrictions on last resorts.In the specific interpretation of national symbol crimes,the different types of crimes that infringe on the national symbol should be limited purposefully within the literal boundary.Specifically,the limitation can be expanded from three aspects,which are publicity,subjective elements,and behavior.