符合法律的宪法解释与宪法发展

符合法律的宪法解释是在宪法有复数解释时以法律为准据而选择宪法解释的方法,与合宪性解释的方向恰恰相反。在我国宪法实践上,全国人大常委会曾经将《宪法》第40条上的公安机关解释为涵盖国家安全机关,这是较为典型的符合法律的宪法解释。从理论上说,为化解违宪疑虑,也可以通过这种解释方法将《宪法》第40条上的通信解释为排除通讯记录,而将检察机关解释为涵盖监察机关在内。与合宪性解释不同的是,符合法律的宪法解释属于逆向的以宪就法,因此通过这种方法得出的结论须接受宪法上的再审查。这种解释方法既能维持宪法的最高性,恪守宪法与法律之间的界分,同时又能容纳宪法含义新的发展。

Statute-Oriented Constitutional Interpretation and the Development of the Constitution

The statute-oriented constitutional interpretation is a method of choosing constitutional interpretation on the basis of law when the Constitution has a plural interpretation,which is opposite to the direction of constitutionally faithful interpretation.In the practice of the Constitution of China,the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress had interpreted‘public security organs’in article 40 of the Constitution as containing‘national security organs’,which is the typical statute-oriented constitutional interpretation.In theory,in order to avoid the doubt of constitutionality,it is also possible to interpret the correspondence in article 40 of the Constitution as excluding the records of correspondence in this way,and interpret the procuratorial organs in the same article as containing the supervisory organs.Unlike the constitutionally faithful interpretation,the process of statute-oriented constitutional interpretation is an inverse operation,which turns the position of the Constitution and the statute reversedly and makes the meaning of the Constitution oriented toward the statute,so its interpretative results must be subject to the constitutional review to determine whether it could be in harmony with the constitutional law.Such a method can sustain the supremacy of the Constitution and the separation between the Constitution and the statute,while it can accommodate the new development of the constitutional meaning.