从宪定权利到法定权利——我国农村居民最低生活保障制度建立情况调查

目前我国农村居民最低生活保障制度的建立大致分为三种情况:建立城乡一体化的低保制度、实行最低生活保障城市和农村双轨制、城市居民最低生活保障和农村特困户救助并行。农村低保制度与城市低保制度在救济内容、方式、标准、周期及资金来源等方面都有较大差别。我国农村居民最低生活保障制度建设存在法律规范缺失、东西部发展不平衡、制度执行情况不尽如人意、施恩观念依然存在以及资金不足、来源渠道不畅等问题。完善农村低保制度应从以下方面着手:通过立法明确政府救助义务、采取积极措施确保资金来源、实行城乡一体化的最低生活保障制度、理清最低生活保障制度和各项专项救助的关系、细化最低生活保障标准并明确保障标准的确立原则。

From Constitutional Right to Legal Right——The Investigation on the Establishment of the Minimum Social Security System in Chinese Rural Areas

There are three types in the establishment of the Minimum Social Security System(MSSS) in Chinese rural areas:incorporate system in city and country,different system in city and country and just establishing the system in city.Compared to the MSSS in urban areas,there are many differences in content,method,standard,period and fund that in rural areas.The establishment of the MSSS in Chinese rural areas barges up against many difficulties:short of law,lopsided development in east and west,constrainedly acceptable enforcement,antique concept of benefaction and deficient fund.The following task should be done to perfect the system:nail down the government's obligation through legislation,ensure enough fund through active measure,establish incorporate system in city and country,clear up the relationship between the MSSS and special benefit,define the standard and principle.