南非宪法法院的"合理性审查标准"介评

"合理性审查标准"是南非宪法法院对政府积极义务进行审查的主要标准,是在宪法法院的判例中形成并逐渐发展起来的。"合理性审查标准"的采用,使宪法法院可以在不侵入立法和行政功能、不与政治部门发生直接冲突的情况下,实现对社会权一定程度的保护。但是,宪法法院对"合理性"的过分关注也制约了法院对政府积极义务审查的范围和程度,对社会权的保护产生了一些不利影响。

Commentary on Reasonableness Test Standard in the South African Constitutional Court

The reasonableness test is a scrutiny standard,according to which to decide whether or not failures in meeting the positive duties imposed by social rights can be justified.It has been developed through the cases of the Constitutional Court.The Constitutional Court can enforce social rights without intruding into legislative and executive functions and without direct confrontation with the political branches.However,the Court's enamorment with reasonableness has a limitation to the degree and extent to which the positive duties are scrutinized and has an adverse impact on social rights protection.