保险合同权利结构与保险利益归附之主体——评《中华人民共和国保险法(修改草案送审稿)》第12条、33条、53条之规定

保险利益是保险法的灵魂,也是保险法的独特范畴,其所应归附的主体如何影响着保险利益法律规则设计的合理性及其防止道德危险功能的发挥。而保险合同的权利结构决定着保险利益所须归附的主体,所以在设计保险利益主体规则时,必须明了保险合同权利结构与保险利益归附主体之间的关系。我国现行保险法上关于保险利益主体的规则存在着诸多失误,这会影响人们通过保险合同实现其生活目的,妨碍保险利益规则防止道德危险功能的发挥。在未来保险法修订时,立法者须在确切理解保险合同权利结构与保险利益应归附主体之间关系的前提下进行相应修改。

The Structure of Insurance Contractual Rights and the Subject of Insurance Interest

Insurance interest is the spirit of insurance law as well as the unique category of insurance law.The subject of which reflects the reasonability and the function of insurance legal norms.Since the structure of insurance rights decides the subject of insurance interest,it is important to make clear the relationship between rights structure of insurance contract and subject of insurance interests.The rules of China's law in this area are misleading in many aspects,which will make barriers for people who want to realize their life by insurance,and for the functioning of insurance interest rules against moral risks.In the future,if the Insurance Act is amended,the legislator should re-design the rules based on a right understanding on the fore-mentioned relationship.