Principles of STR multiplex amplification

We performed a systematic evaluation of template amount, multiplex primer concentration, amplification cycle number, and amplification volume on commercial multiplex performance. We determined that, except for stochastic variation with limited template amounts, the same quality, intensity, and accuracy of DNA profiles can be obtained while varying each of these parameters over a broad range. Each parameter can be used to compensate for changes in the others, allowing us to provide specific recommendations with use of limited sample material.