中国食品安全规制政策的社会学习——以“馒头国标”为例

以"馒头国标"事件在我国引起的公众和媒体的热议为出发点,结合了政策学习和社会建构的理论,从政策学习的地方性即承认不同的行动者由于其不同的传统和利益对相同的政策学习范本有着不同的认知的角度,对我国传统食品行业通过标准化的形式进行食品安全规制的过程进行了分析。认为行动者对于标准的异质的地方性认知,导致了标准在形成之前、之中和之后所承载的社会功能发生了显著的变化;而这种偏离也最终背离了实现保护消费者食品安全的初衷,在标准的执行中也注定面临着一定的困难。结合行动者产生地方性认知的背景,认为,社会对于标准的片面认同来源于通过规制获得资源的计划经济的遗毒,以及"超一流企业做标准"口号下标准相关知识匮乏的延伸;结合案例进一步反思了对于政策学习的地方性的"忽略",以及对于标准的社会功能的"夸大"所可能造成的危险。

Social Learning of Chinese Food Security Regulation: A Case from the National Standard of Streamed bread in China

From the lens of local policy learning which combines the theory of policy learning and social construction,this paper analyzes the process of regulation in Chinese traditional food industry by means of standardization,and emphasizes the heterogeneous cognition of different actors owing to the different routine and interest,starting with "National Standard for Steamed Bread" case. A lot of changes in the social function of standards occurred before,during and after the standardization for the heterogeneous local cognition of different actors and the former vision of protecting customer's food safety could face some difficulties during the application of the standards. Besides,this paper digs into the social-cultural background of the local cognition and finds out that the misleading could have some relation with the influence of the planned economy where people were used to occupy resources through regulations,as well as the status that lacking of the related standard knowledge but capturing in the slogan of "The top-ranking enterprises make the standards". The risk of the "overlook" of the local feature of the policy learning and the "overestimate" of the social function of standards were also reflected in this paper.