美国集团诉讼二次退出制及对我国的启示

二次退出制的创设是美国集团诉讼退出制1966年以来的最大变化,它主要体现了知情选择和程序正当等价值追求,并不必然对"妥善的和解"造成威胁.在解决群体纠纷成员的小额多数请求权纠纷时,通过适用二次退出制,"沉默的大多数"集团成员与诉讼集团的关系由"排除在外"转变为"包括在内",这对我们具有重要的启示意义.同时,二次退出制也提醒我们要确保群体诉讼成员在行使程序选择权时拥有充分的相关信息,防止法律程序蜕变为空洞的形式,还应注重以和解方式解决群体纠纷.

The Second Opt-out Opportunity in US Class Action and Its Implications for China

Since its birth in 1966,the opt-out procedure in American class action has witnessed many revisions,which mainly reflect a pursuit of such values as an informed choice and the legitimacy of procedure and do not necessarily impose a threat to the "appropriate reconciliation". When dealing with the issue of the right of claim for a small amount held by a majority of people in a mass dispute,the application of the second opt-out procedure helps turn the relationship between the "silent majority" of the group a...