中国转型期的社会风险分布与抗风险机制

改革开放以来,中国经历了从计划经济体制向市场经济体制、从封闭型经济向开放型经济的两个大转型,这铸就了中国经济的辉煌,也使中国进入了一个高社会风险的发展阶段。在这个大转型过程中,随着工业化、城市化、市场化进程的深化,中国农村居民面临的社会风险已与城市居民面临的社会风险基本趋同,而农村居民拥有的抗风险机制却远远弱于城市居民,以收入水平表征的抗风险能力也远不及城市居民。中国要实现全面小康的宏伟目标,必需建立一套适合中国国情的社会政策体系以有效降低和化解社会风险。在现有资源条件下,中国社会政策体系的建设只能有重点、分层次、逐步推进。综合来看,中国农民在抗御社会风险方面处于明显弱势,中国建构社会政策体系和实施社会政策过程中应优先考虑农民的利益。

The Distribution of Social Risks and the Anti-risk Mechanism in China during the Transformation Period

Since its Reform and Opening up, China has been experiencing two great transformations, that is, from Planning Economy to Market Economy and from Closed Economy to Open Economy. This helps China to make great economic achievements, while entering into a development stage with higher social risks. In this great transformation, along with the deepening of the process of industrialization, urbanization and marketization, the social risks faced by rural residents have been close to those of urban residents in China, while the anti-risk mechanism of rural residents is much weaker than that of urban residents, and the capability of rural residents to cope with the risks, as measured by income level, is much lower than that of urban residents. To achieve the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all around way, it's necessary to build a set of social policies taking the situation of China into consideration to reduce the social risks in deed. With the restraint of the present resources, the building of social policy system in China can only be promoted gradually and selectively. As the rural residents in China is more vulnerable in a high social risk society, the interest of rural residents should be pay more attention to in the process of constructing the social policy system and practicing social policies in China.