TRIPS协议下公共健康问题的发展及我国的应对

艾滋病、肺结核和疟疾是困扰发展中国家的三大疾病,而近年来,突发性公共健康危机和恐怖活动导致的公共健康危机也成了人们关注的焦点.TRIPS协议框架下,从2001年11月的多哈宣言到2005年12月的总理事会决议,公共健康问题取得了极大的发展;但如何利用这些协议和宣言所赋予了发展中国家在药品可获得性方面的更大灵活性,是发展中国家在决议之后所应关注的一大问题.南非、巴西等发展中国家的实践及立法以及加拿大等发达国家有关强制许可的立法都为我们提供了启示.中国在艾滋病问题日益严重的情势下,或在遭遇非典或禽流感此类可能的突发性公共健康问题时,如何有效应对,专利法及相关法律上如何做出相应规定,近日发布的《涉及公共健康问题的专利实施强制许可办法》有何具体规定和重要意义,都是文章所探讨的问题.

The Development of Public Health Issue under the TRIPS Agreement and the Response of China

HIV/AIDS,tuberculosis and malaris has been ravaging some developing coutries for years,and the outbreak of SARS and the recent birdflu has again draw world attention on public health problems.The TRIPS Agreement has achieved a big success in this aspect from the Doha Declaration in November 2001 to the General Council Decision in December 2005.National legislations have made changes in response as to provide specific regulations concerning the compulsory licence and parallel importation to ensure greater access to essential medicines.China has also responded to this problem by promulgating the "Measures for Implementing Compulsory Licences for Patent concerning the Public Health Problem".