“开放天空”:欧盟航空运输管理体制的自由化

欧盟条约中的"共同运输政策"缺乏对航空运输的实质性规定,因此,航空运输主要受欧盟条约中竞争政策等一般规则的约束。欧盟通过的三个一揽子自由化方案将建立起区域内部航空运输管理体制,它们逐步取代成员国之间的双边协定,在成员国之间开放领空。欧盟与成员国在对外航空运输管理体制方面产生了权能争议,而欧洲法院"开放天空案"的判决承认了共同体的专属性权能。欧盟委员会被授权与第三国谈判"水平协定",以此来保证对外航空运输协定与欧盟法律的一致性。欧美"开放天空协定"①在航空运输的市场准入和航空公司的投资等方面实现了自由化,欧盟将在全球范围内推广"开放天空协定"模式。

"Open Skies":Liberalization of the EU Administrative System of Air Transport

There are no substantive rules on air transport in the Common Transport Policy of the EU treaties,therefore the air transport sector is governed by the general rules such as those regulating competition. The Three Packages of Liberalization established an administrative system for intra-Community air transport which superseded the bilateral agreements and opened the territorial air between the member states. When disputes between the EU and the member states arose on the administrative system governing exte...