The impact of election outcome on internal political efficacy: The role of contextual factors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pediatric Psychology, Sector Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Child Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Bio Research Center for Children, Arnhem, The Netherlands;1. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology Unit at Saarland University, Germany;2. Department of Neuropsychology, Schön Klinik Bad Aibling, Germany;3. Department of Psychology, Oldenburg University and Zentralkrankenhaus Bremen-Ost, Germany;4. Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany;5. Outpatient Neurological Rehabilitation Center, ZANR, Kaiserslautern, Germany;1. Fraunhofer IDMT, Project Group Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology, Marie-Curie-Str. 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;2. Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All, Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany;1. Louisiana State University, USA;2. University of Denver, USA;3. University of Tsukuba, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Many studies have investigated the consequences of election outcome for one of the important public attitudes, political efficacy. The effect of election outcome on external efficacy has been confirmed by most previous studies, whereas the effect on internal efficacy is not clear-cut. By reconceptualizing internal efficacy based on the social cognitive theory of self-efficacy, this study argues that there are two conditions for an election outcome’s impact on internal efficacy: the expected difficulty of winning and the level of involvement in the election. By analyzing panel survey data collected for three Japanese Lower House elections, this study shows that election outcome exerted an impact on internal efficacy if the following two conditions were simultaneously satisfied: (1) winners/losers perceived that the election was difficult/easy to win, and (2) voters were deeply involved in the election process. |
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| Keywords: | Election outcome Internal political efficacy Self-efficacy Japanese lower house election Panel data analysis |
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