从两大学派的分歧看西方刑法学的发展趋向

长期以来,刑事古典学派与刑事实证学派的观点是根本对立的。这些对立主要表现在:刑罚的本质上,刑法的评价对象上,刑罚的机能上,刑事责任的基础上,刑罚的作用上,刑罚的目的上等。也正是在这些对立和分歧中,才使得西方刑法学从机械主义走向机动主义,从思辩走向实证,从被动走向主动,从惩罚已然之罪走向预防未然之罪,从结果主义走向责任主义,从个人保障走向社会防卫,从责任混同走向责任分化,从责任均衡正义走向责任分配正义等。从而完成了西方刑法学的历史进步和转变,也奠定了西方刑法学今后的发展方向与趋势。

Look at the Western Science of Criminal Law Trend from the Divergence of Two Schools

The ideas of criminal classical school and criminal positivism sc hool were conflicted for a long time. These conflicts show the evalution object of criminal law, the foundation of criminal responsibility and the essece, func tion and purpose of punishment. It is these conflicts and divergence that make t he western science of criminal law from mechanism to flexiblism, from thinking-arguing to positivism, from passives to initiative, from punishing the crimes to preventing the crimes, from results to responsibilities, from individual guard to social defend, from confusing responsibility to individual responsibility, fr om responsibility balanced justice to responsibility arrangement justice, which complete the historical progress and transform of the western science of crimina l law, and establish its development direction and trend.