Prolonged Electro-muscular Incapacitation in a Porcine Model Causes Spinal Injury |
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Authors: | Jennie M. Burns Ph.D. Michael G. Kamykowski B.S. Justin A. Moreno M.S. Michael B. Jirjis Ph.D. |
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Affiliation: | 1. General Dynamics Information Technology, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234;2. Bioeffects Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234 |
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Abstract: | Conducted electrical weapons are designed to cause temporary electro-muscular incapacitation (EMI) without significant injury. The objective of this study was to assess the risk and cause of spinal injury due to exposure to a benchtop EMI device. Porcine subjects were exposed to 19 and 40 Hz electrical stimuli for a prolonged duration of 30 sec. X-ray imaging, necropsy, and accelerometry found that lumbosacral spinal fractures occurred in at least 89% of all subjects, regardless of the stimulus group, and were likely caused by musculoskeletal fatigue-related stress in the lumbosacral spine. Spinal fractures occurred in the porcine model at an unusually high rate compared to human. This may be due to both the prolonged duration of electrical stimulation and significant musculoskeletal differences between humans and pigs, which suggests that the porcine model is not a good model of EMI-induced spinal fracture in humans. |
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Keywords: | forensic science acceleration autopsy conducted energy weapon injuries muscle contraction spinal fractures spinal injuries Sus scrofa swine X-rays |
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