心理学视域下的权力效应研究及其理论阐释

得益于社会认知研究范式的兴起,近二十年心理学视域下的权力研究取得了丰硕成果,权力效应是心理学关于权力研究的核心问题。本文对心理学视域下权力内涵的演变和研究范式进行了梳理,重点分析了权力对个体心理和行为带来的三大效应:消极效应、中性效应和积极效应,并对阐释权力效应的"接近-抑制理论""情境聚焦理论"和"社会距离理论"进行了系统介绍和总结。最后指出,如何通过相关变量的约束制约和减少权力的消极效应,并有效激发权力的积极效应,是未来研究要特别关注的重点。

Effect of Power Research and Its Theoretical Explanation from the Perspective of Psychology

In the past two decades,great achievements have been made in the field of power research from the perspective of psy-chology,thanks to the rise of the paradigm of social cognition research.Effect of power is the core issue of power research in Psychology.In this paper,the connotation and paradigm of power research in the field of psychology are reviewed,and the three effects of power on individual psychology and behavior are analyzed:negative effect,neutral effect and positive effect.It also systematically introduces and summarizes"the approach/inhibition theory of power","the situated focus theory of power"and"the social distance theory of power"which explain the effects of power.At last,it puts forward the focus of future research is that how to constrain relevant variables in order to restrict and reduce the negative effects of power,and effectively stimulate the positive effects of power.