行政体制的演进与当代中国的改革发展

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义行政体制,是党的十九届四中全会提出的新命题。行政体制起源于古希腊政体,尤其是在民主共和的政体中形成的立法、行政、司法三种权力和职能,对后世产生了深远的影响。一方面,它成为西方现代资本主义国家"三权分立"的理论渊源;另一方面,它直接为巴黎公社和社会主义国家的行政体制所继承。然而,苏联模式的传统社会主义行政体制存在严重弊端。当代中国历经40多年的改革开放,取得了行政体制改革发展的重大成果,为中国特色社会主义行政体制作出了新阐释和新定位。

The Evolution of Administrative System and the Reform and Development of Contemporary China

Upholding and improving the socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics is a new proposition and institu-tional arrangement put forward by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee.The administrative system originated from the ancient Greek regime,especially,the three powers and functions of legislation,administration and justice formed in the system of government of the Democratic Republic have a profound impact on the later generations.On one hand,it has become the theoretical source of"separation of powers"in western modern capitalist countries;on the other hand,it is directly inherited by the Paris Commune and the administrative system of socialist countries.The traditional socialist administrative system of the Soviet model has serious draw-backs.On the contrary,China has made gigantic achievements in the reform and development of the administrative system over more than40 years of reform and opening up,which has made a new interpretation and new positioning for the socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics.