制度激励与积极性治理体制建构——以河长制为例

全面推进河长制,是解决我国复杂的河流治理问题的重大制度创新,更是推进流域治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要举措。本文通过实证案例调研,认为河长制通过契约治理机制实现权力和责任的制度化分配,依托组织结构框架,将党政体制嵌入到河长制的组织设计,通过激励问责机制,实现治理责任和治理效率的诱因倒逼。河长制的治理逻辑可以概括为通过流域公共治理权责的制度化配置,调动多层级治理主体的积极性,形成高层党政部门立治、具体职能部门施治、基层群众和社会力量参治的制度化激励。调动积极性是最大的民主。河长制把中国特色国家治理制度的组织优势开发出来,建构出用国家制度激励各方的积极性治理体制,这就超越了学术界一直以来存在的“压力型体制”理论惯性思维。

Institutional Incentives and System Building of Active Governance:Case Study of River Chief System

River basin is an important area of national governance.The comprehensive promotion of the river chief system is not only a major institutional innovation to solve China's complex river governance problems but also an important measure to advance the modernization of river ecological governance systems and capabilities.Based on empirical case studies,this paper believes that the river chief system achieved the institutional allocation of power and responsibility through the contractual governance,had the party-government relationship system imbedded in the organization of river chief system depending on organization structure frame and achieved the incentive reversed transmission of governance responsibility and governance efficiency by stimulating the accountability mechanisms.The governance logic of the river chief system can be summarized as mobilizing the enthusiasm of multi-level governance subjects through institutionalized configuration of public governance powers and responsibilities in the river basin,form a motivation mechanism which means that senior party and government departments establish systems,specific functional departments apply systems and grass-roots people and social forces participate in systems.Mobilization is the greatest democracy.By developing the organizational advantages of the national governance system with Chinese characteristics,the river chief system has constructed an active governance system that uses the national system to motivate all actors.This transcends the theoretical inertia of the“pressure system”that has always existed in academia.