"产翁制"与早期社会组织演变

"产翁制"这一风俗在世界许多地方都曾见于古文献记载或人种志.产翁制的本质是什么尽管学者们存在着分歧,但有一说影响巨大,即"产翁制"是母权制向父权制过渡的产物.事实上,这只是一个假设,母系制与父系制之间并无必然的承继关系,母系也不能必然导致母权.我国学者在古典进化论思想的影响下,在研究"产翁制"时,对古文献的理解存在着严重偏差,应该引起文化史研究者的重视.

"Couvade" and the transformation of primitive society organizationby

According to historical documents and anthropological materials, the custom of couvade has been practiced in many places of the world. During the various opinions, there is the influential one which holds that Matriliny exceeds Patriliny, and results in the Matriarchy, and that couvade appears in the transition of Matriarchy towards Patriarchy. In fact, this opinion is just a assumption; there is no inevitable relation beteen the matriliny and patriliny, and matriliny does not necessarily result in matriarchy. Under the influence of this classic evolution thought, there are some misunderstandings in historical documents in the research of couvade in China. This problem should draw the scholars' attentions.