波兰参与中东欧区域合作机制的策略与挑战

波兰是世界上公认的典型的“中等强国”,是中东欧区域实力最强的国家。冷战结束以来,波兰利用自己特殊的地缘优势,积极加强与中欧、东部邻国和广大中东欧国家的合作,创建或参与了“维谢格拉德集团”“东部伙伴关系”“中欧倡议国”组织“三海倡议”等合作机制,力图成为这些合作机制中的核心和引领国家,并希望借助这些合作机制,加强波兰的影响力。波兰对中东欧区域合作的积极参与和倡导,极大地加强了“大海之间”国家的合作,但由于波兰综合实力有限,加上中东欧各国的国家利益具有较大差异,并普遍存在对俄罗斯的能源依赖,波兰在实现战略目标时面临巨大的限制和挑战。如果波兰试图在区域合作中四处出击,平均用力,反而不利于其发挥“中等强国”的影响力。

Strategy and Challenges for Poland's Participation in Regional Cooperation Mechanism within Central and Eastern Europe

Poland is recognized as a typical"medium country"in the world,and the most powerful country in Central and Eastern Europe.Since the end of the Cold War,Poland has taken advantage of its special geographical position to enhance cooperation with Central and Eastern European countries as well as its eastern neighbors,and created or participated in the"Visegrad Group","Eastern Partnership","Central European Initiative"and"Three Seas Initiative".With these efforts,Poland aims to expand its influence in and outside Central and Eastern Europe.Accordingly,the cooperation between countries close to the Three Seas is strengthened.Nevertheless,due to limited comprehensive strength of Poland,divergent interests between Central and Eastern European countries and high dependence on Russia's energy,Poland faces many problems in fulfilling its strategic goals.If Poland tries to participate in all the potential cooperation mechanism with no emphasis and priority,it would not exert the influence of a"medium power".