我国涉外一般侵权法律适用实证研究——以346份裁判文书为中心

随着国际经济贸易和文化往来的增多,我国涉外侵权案件的数量越来越多,然而我国关于涉外一般侵权的法律适用还存在很多问题。从实证角度研究分析《涉外民事法律关系法律适用法》第44条在我国的具体实践情况十分必要。通过分析研究从2018年1月1日到2019年3月29日为止的一共346份裁判文书,并根据地区、案由分布、当事人类型和法律选择的方法将其进行分类,发现我国涉外一般侵权法律适用案件司法实践存在第44条被扩大化适用、毫无理由罗列法条、常见法律适用顺序错误、错误理解法条中规定的意思自治原则、说理不充分和意思自治原则在海事侵权案件中适用较多等问题。为完善我国涉外一般侵权法律适用司法实践的现状,我国应充分发挥意思自治原则、修改法条措辞语序、加强对法官的培养和增强筛选指导性案例等。

An Empirical Study on the Application of Law on Foreign-related Torts in China--Focusing on 346 Judgments

With the increase of international economic,trade and cultural exchanges,the caseload of foreign-related tort cases has increased in China.However,there are still many problems in the application of laws on foreign-related tort in China.In order to understand the problems arising from the application of foreign-related tort laws,it is necessary to do an empirical research of the specific practice of Article 44 of the Law on the Application of Foreign-related Civil Legal Relations in China.A total of 346 court judgments dated from January 1,2018 to March 29,2019 were collected,analyzed,and classified according to the region,distribution of cases,type of parties,and choice of law.Through these classifications and the research of the judgments,the problems and characteristics in the judicial practice of foreign-related tort cases in China are found.The characteristics of foreign-related tort judicial practice are as follows:the expanding of the application of Article 44,listing the provisions of law without proper reason,applying law in a wrong order,misunderstanding the principle of party autonomy,reasoning in an inadequacy way and a better carrying out the principle of party autonomy mainly in the maritime court.In order to improve the status quo of China s foreign-related tort judicial practice,China should give full play to the principle of party autonomy,modify the expression order of the law,strengthen the training of judges and selecting the guiding cases.