合宪性审查的地方制度构图

法律法规之外的地方规范性文件是否可能直接违宪,以及其违宪问题由谁处置和如何处置的问题,构成了合宪性审查地方制度的核心关切。规范性文件备案审查体系是合宪性审查制度构成中最全面、最有效的制度实现载体。目前的地方立法对备案审查中合宪性标准的规定整体上呈现出一种谨慎的姿态。究其原因,国家立法对合宪性审查职责配置模糊、“违宪”责任观念上存在误区、合宪性审查地方实践需求不强等多重因素,严重抑制了针对地方规范性文件合宪性审查的地方立法。一直以来,理论界和实务界共筑的“地方人大宪法监督”学说却有力地支撑着合宪性审查地方工作的展开。合宪性审查的地方制度正是由以地方人大宪法监督为主导、同级“一府一委两院”自我纠错为补充的合宪性审查工作体系所构成。

Framing the Local System on Constitutionality Review

Whether local normative instruments beyond laws and regulations may directly violate the constitution,who will deal with such constitutionality and how to deal with it constitute core concerns about the local system of constitutionality review.The normative instruments recording and review system is the most comprehensive and effective tool to realize the constitutionality review system.Through research and analysis,the local legislation on the constitutionality standard of the recording and review as a whole shows a prudent attitude.The reason is that the local legislation on constitutionality review is severely restrained by multiple factors such as the vague allocation of responsibility for constitutionality review in the national legislation,misunderstanding on the seriousness of"unconstitutionality"and weak needs of constitutionality review in local practice.However,for a long time,the local work of constitutionality review is strongly supported by the theory of"constitutional supervision by Local People's Congress"established by both theoreticians and practitioners.The local system on constitutionality review is exactly a working system in which the constitutional supervision by Local People's Congress plays a leading role and self-correction by the government,the court,the procuratorate and the supervision commission at the same level plays a supportive role.