论强制医疗案件的集中管辖——基于A市审判实践的观察和思考

在现行强制医疗司法实践中,由于各省(市)对肇祸的精神病人多采取集中医疗,而司法机关则分散于各区县,导致司法机关为节约司法成本而有意无意地缩略了部分诉讼程序,使得被强制医疗人及其法定代理人的诉讼权利和实体权利均受到侵害。为改变此种现状,应借鉴行政案件、知识产权案件和特殊刑事案件的集中管辖制度,建立与集中医疗相对应的集中管辖制度即将全省(市)的强制医疗案件集中到接受医疗地的司法机关管辖,从而实现司法资源优化配置,降低司法成本;强化诉讼权利保障,体现程序公正;实现同案同判,维护实体公正;实现效率提升,确保及时审判;实现专业化审判,确保案件质量。为确保特殊案件得以公正处理,应设置集中管辖的例外制度;为保障当事人及其法定代理人对集中管辖的异议权,应赋予其上诉权。

On the Centralized Jurisdiction of Compulsory Medical Cases——Observation and Thinking based on the Trial Practice of A City

In the current practice of compulsory medical justice,there is only one mental hospital in different provinces for criminals who are mental patients.At the same time,there are many judicial organs in each province to deal with criminal cases of mental patients.The judicial organs have omitted some proceedings in order to save costs which makes it difficult to protect mental patients and their representative s litigation rights and substantive rights.In order to make this situation better,we should learn from the centralized jurisdiction systems used in judicial practice for administrative cases,intellectual property cases and special criminal cases.There is a need to build up centralized jurisdiction system to deal with cases by the nearest judicial organ.This will strengthen the protection of litigation rights and reflect procedural justice.Furthermore,it will also ensure each of those cases are awarded the same verdict over the counties which will maintain substantive justice,heighten the efficiency of the proceedings,achieve professional trails of each cases,and so on.However,it should also set up an exception system for the centralized jurisdiction of the compulsory medical cases in order to achieve justice,which should be giving the right of appeal to those mental defendants and their representatives.