A taxonomy of collaborative governance: a guide to understanding the diversity of international and domestic conservation accords |
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Authors: | Charles C. Chester William R. Moomaw |
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Affiliation: | (1) Environmental Studies Program, Brandeis University, 9 Lowell Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;(2) Center for International Environment and Resource Policy, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, 160 Packard Avenue, Medford, MA 02155-7082, USA |
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Abstract: | Partially in response to the increasing complexity of governance structures in the international environmental arena, international scholars have adopted a distinction between “Type 1” and “Type 2” international agreements. The former refer to agreements between governments, whereas the latter refer to agreements between governments and nonstate actors. While useful, this distinction offers only a partial taxonomy of the diversity of collaborative governance, and fails to incorporate “Type 3” dynamics among nonstate actors. As an initial attempt at sorting out the wide array of collaborative governance structures both domestically and across international borders, we propose a 3 × 3 matrix based on two typologies, one institutional (governmental, collaborative, nonstate), the other geopolitical (domestic, transborder, interstate/transnational). The result is a classification system of nine types of both domestic and international governance. In addition to identifying fundamental differences among the myriad forms of governance, the matrix reveals how the “softening of sovereignty” occurs in practice. |
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Keywords: | International environmental governance Type 1 and type 2 agreements International environmental agreements Nonstate actors Civil society Sovereignty Biodiversity conservation |
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